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Reakce sazenic vybraných druhů dřevin na zaplavení
Ryšavý, Jan
The thesis investigates the response to flooding of five species types of trees occurring in floodplain forests of South Moravia. This work aimed to evauate different lengths of the seedling flooding and examined seedling vitality and mortality. The investigated tree species were summer oak (Quercus robur L.), hornbeam elm (Ulmus minor Mill.), heart linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and field maple (Acer campestre L.). The flooding experiment was conducted from April to July 2022 and at different time intervals (7-14 days) the seedlings were flooded up to the root collar. Control seedlings were not flooded but only watered. 140 seedlings of each species were flooded and were gradually removed from the flood. The results show that relatively low mortality was observed for the flooded trees in all intervals. It was lowest for Quercus robur and Tilia cordata, which were characterized by high vitality in addition to low mortality. Ulmus minor was characterized by moderately vital seedlings. Acer campestre and Carpinus betulus had the highest mortality and their vitality decreased significantly towards the end of the experiment. The hypothesis of Quercus robur's resistance to flooding has been confirmed, which means the seedlings of this tree can probably cope well with flooding even in the conditions of floodplain forests. Tilia cordata also coped very well with flooding. It has probably invested in trunk thickness in response to water stress, adapted to flooding and thus gained a competitive advantage over other tree species. The thesis confirmed the assumption that Quercus robur is a resilient tree species to flooding and Tilia cordata showed higher resilience than expected.
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The influence of evapotranspiration on the groundwater of floodplain forests: Libický luh
Vašková, Hana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slavík, Martin (referee)
The recherche part of this bachelor thesis deals with evapotranspiration from floodplain forests and its influence on the depth of the groundwater level and mineralization of groundwater. As floodplain forests in the Czech Republic are represented only in smaller fragments, there is a mention of the effect of mineralization on plants. The thesis describes the principle and use of stable isotopes in hydrogeology and the comprehensive characteristics of the area of interest of the experimental part, the Libický luh National Nature Reserve. The experimental part includes the observation of the level, conductivity, temperature, pH, and determination of the isotopic composition of the underground and surface water in Libický luh, where high mineralization of the groundwater was previously detected. The thesis discusses the effect of evapotranspiration on the content of dissolved substances in the water in Libický luh as a possible cause of this phenomenon. It was found that as the temperature rises, the groundwater level drops, and that mineralization remains relatively constant throughout the year. The drop in the groundwater level is evidently caused by intensive evapotranspiration from the floodplain forest during the growing season. However, longer time series of conductivity or hydrochemical...
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Ochrana krajinného rázu CHKO Pálava
Kohoutková, Kristýna
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess landscape characteristics of the Pálava Protected Landscape Area. The work analyses natural conditions and examines in detail historical development, cultural and perceptual values of the landscape. Visual exposure of the area is part of the analysis and forms the basis for the practical part of the work. Practical part of the work is dealing with three main topics. The topics are building development of the area, green infrastructure and landscape characteristics assessment. Diploma thesis suggests suitable development areas, brings up a catalog of vegetation elements to be used as part of the green infrastructure and comes up with a design of floodplain landscape. Landscape characteristics assessment divides the area into 3 landscape regions, 6 subregions and highlights 6 unique places of landscape characteristics. All the parts of the practical part aim to increase the values of landscape characteristics of the area.
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Surface and ground water of the Libický floodplain forest
Bašta Spinali, Izabela ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slavík, Martin (referee)
In the Quaternary, the area of the Libický floodplain forest was shaped mostly by the action of the Elbe river. The river generated a structure of oxbow lakes, pools, wetlands, floodplain forests or wet grasslands. These are connected by shallow groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer. During the Upper Cretaceous period, the area of Libický forest was flooded by the sea, which resulted in the formation of the bedrock of Libický forest - now the Cenomanian aquifer of the Poděbrady mineral spring structure. This aquifer is part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. This thesis provides an overview about the waters in the area of the Libický forest, especially about: the development of the structures of surface water during the last ~2k years, groundwater of the quaternary aquifer and mineral water of the Poděbrady mineral spring structure. Finally, this thesis contextualizes this knowledge into climatic, geological, pedologic and also to ecological conditions of the area of Libický luh which is an important ecosystem in terms of biodiversity in otherwise relatively densely populated agricultural landscape. Key words: Libický luh, surface water, hydrology, Elbe, groundwater, hydrogeology, Cenomanian aquifer, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Poděbrady mineral spring structure, floodplain forest
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Quantitative vessel parameters of broadleaves as a tool for reconstruction of physical geographical processes
Tumajer, Jan
Trees adjust wood anatomical structure to environmental conditions, predisposing time series of quantitative wood anatomical parameters to be valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information. In this doctoral project we analysed the response of vessel parameters of i) floodplain Quercus robur to groundwater level fluctuation, hydroclimate variability and extreme events (droughts and floods), and of ii) Betula pendula to mechanical damage caused by various disturbances. Although climatic signal as well as pointer years stored in tree-ring width chronologies of Quercus robur largely differ between sites, quantitative vessel parameters contain spatially- homogenous positive signal of previous year summer temperature and current year winter/early spring temperature. The only between-site difference in wood anatomical chronologies is negative effect of moisture on vessel size in floodplain, which does not occur in not-flooded lowland sites. We suggest that while tree productivity benefits from high water availability, the wood anatomical structure of Quercus robur is constrained by high soil water saturation in floodplain zone. In addition, the response of tree-ring widths to moisture availability is not uniform inside single stand, but subgroups of trees with completely opposite response coexist...
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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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Quantitative vessel parameters of broadleaves as a tool for reconstruction of physical geographical processes
Tumajer, Jan
Trees adjust wood anatomical structure to environmental conditions, predisposing time series of quantitative wood anatomical parameters to be valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information. In this doctoral project we analysed the response of vessel parameters of i) floodplain Quercus robur to groundwater level fluctuation, hydroclimate variability and extreme events (droughts and floods), and of ii) Betula pendula to mechanical damage caused by various disturbances. Although climatic signal as well as pointer years stored in tree-ring width chronologies of Quercus robur largely differ between sites, quantitative vessel parameters contain spatially- homogenous positive signal of previous year summer temperature and current year winter/early spring temperature. The only between-site difference in wood anatomical chronologies is negative effect of moisture on vessel size in floodplain, which does not occur in not-flooded lowland sites. We suggest that while tree productivity benefits from high water availability, the wood anatomical structure of Quercus robur is constrained by high soil water saturation in floodplain zone. In addition, the response of tree-ring widths to moisture availability is not uniform inside single stand, but subgroups of trees with completely opposite response coexist...
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Quantitative vessel parameters of broadleaves as a tool for reconstruction of physical geographical processes
Tumajer, Jan ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Kolář, Tomáš (referee) ; van der Maaten, Ernst (referee)
Trees adjust wood anatomical structure to environmental conditions, predisposing time series of quantitative wood anatomical parameters to be valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information. In this doctoral project we analysed the response of vessel parameters of i) floodplain Quercus robur to groundwater level fluctuation, hydroclimate variability and extreme events (droughts and floods), and of ii) Betula pendula to mechanical damage caused by various disturbances. Although climatic signal as well as pointer years stored in tree-ring width chronologies of Quercus robur largely differ between sites, quantitative vessel parameters contain spatially- homogenous positive signal of previous year summer temperature and current year winter/early spring temperature. The only between-site difference in wood anatomical chronologies is negative effect of moisture on vessel size in floodplain, which does not occur in not-flooded lowland sites. We suggest that while tree productivity benefits from high water availability, the wood anatomical structure of Quercus robur is constrained by high soil water saturation in floodplain zone. In addition, the response of tree-ring widths to moisture availability is not uniform inside single stand, but subgroups of trees with completely opposite response coexist...
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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Čejka, Tomáš (referee)
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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Floodplain mollusc fauna of the lower Elbe and its tributaries -its history, ecology and changes induced by invasion plant species
Horáčková, Jitka
The molluscs are very suitable model of invertebrate group for ecological and palaeoecological studies for their specific traits. In the first part of the thesis, we showed based on available fossil mollusc successions that development of the floodplain mollusc fauna took place quite different way in various river floodplains, depending on their specifics and geographical location, because especially the ones situated in the chernozem area of the Czech Republic had very different history. Detailed processing of five fossil mollusc successions in the lower Ohře River floodplain confirmed the impoverishment of recent forest malacofauna does not relate to natural processes only (chapters 3 and 10), but it arises from historical development of this area which was under permanent stress of the human settlement and agricultural utilization (chapter 1) since the coming of the Neolithic people. We made similar conclusions in case of another 11 fossil mollusc successions in the neighbouring České Středohoří Mts. (chapter 2). In the second part of the thesis (chapter 3), we investigated the ecological patterns responsible for species richness and composition of the floodplain mollusc fauna are especially the elevation and humidity gradient, and then vegetation type and its biomass, light conditions of the...
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